Journal: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Postbiotics enhance immune competence in black rockfish ( Sebastes schlegelii ): linking innate immunity, apoptosis, and resistance to bacterial infection

doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01502-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional characterization of Latilactobacillus curvatus NBL2305 as probiotics and postbiotics. a Schematic illustration of the preparation procedure for postbiotics derived from L. curvatus NBL2305. b Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the taxonomic position of strain NBL2305 among closely related Latilactobacillus species. c – e Survival of the strain under salt tolerance and simulated gastrointestinal conditions, including simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. f Antibiotic susceptibility profile of L. curvatus NBL2305 against commonly used antibiotics. g Effects of probiotic cells and postbiotic preparations on HT-29 cell viability. h Adhesion ability of L. curvatus NBL2305 to HT-29 cells, expressed as percentage adhesion. i Antimicrobial activity of the postbiotic preparation against six fish pathogens, including Edwardsiella tarda , Flexibacter japonensis , Vibrio anguillarum , Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae , Streptococcus iniae , and Vibrio harveyi , evaluated using an agar diffusion assay and expressed as inhibition zone diameter (mm). j Antioxidant activities of the postbiotic supernatant determined by DPPH, ABTS, SOD, TAC, and FRAP assays. Data are presented as mean ± SD, and statistical significance was determined using Student’s t -test ( P < 0.05)

Article Snippet: The pathogenic bacterium E. tarda (ATCC 15947) was obtained from the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC, Korea).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Probiotics, Derivative Assay, Activity Assay, Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Postbiotics enhance immune competence in black rockfish ( Sebastes schlegelii ): linking innate immunity, apoptosis, and resistance to bacterial infection

doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01502-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of dietary postbiotic supplementation on growth performance, physiological parameters, and disease resistance in juvenile black rockfish ( Sebastes schlegelii ). The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet, whereas the POST group received a diet supplemented with postbiotics derived from Latilactobacillus curvatus NBL2305. a Growth performance, feed utilization, and somatic indices after an 8-week feeding trial, including weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI), and condition factor (CF) ( n = 15). b Serum biochemical parameters, including total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ( n = 5). c Non-specific immune parameters in serum ( n = 5). d Digestive enzyme activities measured in intestinal tissue ( n = 5). e Experimental design of the feeding and challenge trial, in which fish were fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks (T1) followed by a bacterial challenge test (T2) with Edwardsiella tarda . f Kaplan–Meier survival curves of juvenile rockfish following E. tarda challenge ( n = 15). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t -test, with differences indicated as * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001. CON, control group; POST, postbiotic-supplemented group

Article Snippet: The pathogenic bacterium E. tarda (ATCC 15947) was obtained from the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC, Korea).

Techniques: Control, Derivative Assay, Tissue